Theses and dissertations (Management Sciences)

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Integrated development plan as a service delivery instrument in Ehlanzeni
(2024) Simelane, Mafikizolo John; Nohumba, Izekiel
This study examines the Integrated Development Plan (IDP) as a service delivery instrument in Ehlanzeni District Municipality. It assesses alignment of the IDP and the Service Delivery and Budget Implementation Plan (SDBIP) of the local municipalities found in the Ehlanzeni district (Bushbuckridge, City of Mbombela, Nkomazi and Thaba Chweu). The study also explores the relevance of four theories to the IDP, namely stakeholder, sustainable development, new public management and governance theory. The study aim is to provide a guiding framework for the effective operationalisation of the IDP as a service delivery tool in South Africa. The study examines the legislative and technical aspects of the IDP. The importance of this is that legislation helps in the management of public policy, providing the steps to be taken when these strategic municipal plans are crafted, in order for them to be legitimised. A mixed-method approach was used to gather data, with the advantage of this approach the ability to reach participants geographically spaced in the shortest time and at low cost. The qualitative approach enabled an in-depth understanding of the IDP in Ehlanzeni district. Responses were received from 172 participants to the questionnaires issued and 19 municipal officials were interviewed by the researcher, with triangulation of results also done in this study. The study found an alignment of the IDP and the SDBIP in Ehlanzeni, important as it ensures the budgets are in sync, and activities are easily monitored. The study also determined, for the IDP to be effective, stakeholders should be prioritised to ensure their needs are captured in the IDP formulation. It was also noted not all needs can be captured in the IDP, however, ranking them and ensuring they do not affect the needs of future generations should be done. The sustainable development theory contributes considerably to ensure when planning is done it does not only focus on the current period but also on generations to come, as was found. The study thus confirms previous studies on participation, sustainability, and the IDP. In addition, the findings further show to ensure IDP effectiveness of as a service delivery tool, the goals set by municipalities should be SMART (specific, measurable, objective, realistic and time-based). The participants confirmed the goals in their respective municipalities are SMART. The NPM theory relevance is also shown by the municipalities' commitment to results, with teams to develop PMS and evaluation of performance. These systems help monitor progress and make adjustments in short spaces of time to remedy these. The findings from the literature and study were used to craft a model that will guide the operationalisation of the IDP as a service delivery tool in South Africa.
Social justice and the role of business: a case study of Sorbet franchisees in KwaZulu-Natal
(2024-08) Anderson, Andrea Avril; Lekhanya, Lawrence Mpele
Small and medium-sized businesses (SMEs) are crucial to the nation's prosperity. A robust SME sector significantly contributes to the economy's Gross Domestic Product by lowering poverty and unemployment rates and encouraging entrepreneurship. Despite their substantial relevance and contribution to economic growth, SMEs worldwide— particularly in South Africa—continue to suffer a number of difficulties. This study explored the role of Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) in promoting social justice and business transformation in KwaZulu-Natal. The growth and prevalence of SMEs are both noticeably low in KwaZulu-Natal. As a result, the objectives of the study are to examine the difficulties in KwaZulu-Natal with regard to SME funding and governmental support for Sorbet, to identify the function of change management in advancing Sorbet's social justice in KwaZulu-Natal and to list the social justice initiatives that Sorbet in KwaZulu-Natal has implemented and to establish Sorbet, the chosen SME, and its plans for promoting transformational business in KwaZulu-Natal. Sorbet is a well-known network of beauty and wellness salons that is well regarded for its exceptional services and dedication to promoting social justice and improving the society. Sorbet effectively incorporates corporate social responsibility into their business strategy, actively participating in a range of social issues such as women's empowerment, youth development, and community assistance projects. The brand's inclusive policies and commitment to ensuring equal opportunities for workers and customers demonstrate the important role that companies can have in advancing social change and justice in society. The study examined the various forms of social justice and business transformation strategies perceived by employees and managers of a selected SME, Sorbet, in KwaZulu-Natal. The research design adopts a quantitative approach with a pre coded structured questionnaire administered to the selected sample. Using Sekaran and Bougie's (2016) computed statistical table, out of a target population of 330 elements, the sample equated to n = 181. The simple random sample without replacement was used to select the requisite selection. The researcher collected the completed questionnaires, capturing the data to form a data set. The questionnaire used for this study included a mix of structured questions with closed-ended responses and Likert-scale statements. These were designed to target a specific area and gather accurate data that could be analysed statistically. This was statistically tested using the more robust tools of parametric tests with the aid of the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The statistical breakdown was performed in two stages, specifically a descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistics to evaluate the hypotheses. Several significant findings emerged from the thorough theoretical examination of the statistics. Furthermore, these findings were corroborated by other authors and researchers who conducted comparable investigations and whose results were analysed in relation to the findings of the present study. The study contributes academically to the field of Management, specifically the SME sector, within South Africa and explores its adaptability to the South African context. The research design includes descriptive statistics for the quantitative data gathered in the form of graphs, cross-tabulations, and other figures. Examples of inferential techniques include correlations and chi-square test results, which are interpreted using p-values. A statistical significance statement is typically used to report a result. A test statistic generates a p-value. "p 0.05" indicates a significant finding. "p 0.05" indicates an important finding. The exploratory framework created as a model for Sorbet, in conjunction with the study's findings and suggestions, may prove useful for future goal-oriented strategies by the Organisation. The study concludes with recommendations for future research in this emerging field.
Social media as a tool to grow brand preference amongst millennials in the greater Durban area
(2024-08) Chibvura, Faith Rudairo; Penceliah, Soobramoney
The aim of the study is to evaluate social media as a tool to grow brands amongst millennials in the greater Durban area. Social marketing has proved to be crucial in creating brand preference and brand exposure, considering its inexpensiveness and capability to reach a greater number of potential customers. Some of the social media websites that have a great influence on millennials are Facebook, WhatsApp, Instagram, Twitter, Pinterest, LinkedIn, SnapChat and TikTok. Social media marketing marks the current advancement in marketing created by the use of social media websites as a way of empowering customers to interact on the internet concerning brand preference. This study is crucial because social media currently affects economic growth in many aspects, such as boosting brand image, increasing demand, and hence increasing productivity in the country. Social media is also responsible for the growth, survival and collapse of many businesses. Currently, access to personal computers, smartphones, the internet and e-commerce has increased so much to the extent that many providers are now advertising on social media, linking their websites with social media platforms, which is more effective and efficient. The sustainability and survival of small businesses also depend on how social media presents the brand image of their products and how well they are able to market on social media. This study anticipates adding new knowledge on using social media effectively to grow brand preference. This study contributes new knowledge to the literature on effectively closing the gap between millennials' perceptions of social media and its performance in growing brand preference. Furthermore, this study provides the social media content creator’s perspective on the effectiveness of social media as a tool to grow brand preference. Despite the tremendous progress in social media marketing and the increase in users’ numbers, the economic feasibility of these social media websites still needs to be studied and explored. Research on the use of social media to promote growth in brand preference amongst the millennials is very scanty at best; hence, little is understood about the millennials and their purchase behaviour, most specifically in regard to the social media websites used by many brands. Moreover, it is very difficult to monitor what customers post on social media, despite the fact that many brands have been affected both positively and negatively, which highlights the need for more research on social media as a tool to grow brand preference positively and effectively. The objectives of the study are to assess various ways in which social media develops and enhances positive awareness and brand preference; to examine the influence of social media on the buying decision-making process of millennials in Durban; To identify the perceptions of millennials on social media and social media performance in Durban; and to suggest strategies for managing and monitoring social space activities towards a positive brand preference. A mixed-methods approach was used for the study to achieve the research objectives. The target population were the millennials in the greater Durban area. Purposive sampling was used to select a sample of 400 participants for quantitative data and 10 participants for qualitative data collection. The study presents a regression model that highlights the factors significantly affecting social media and customer satisfaction, emphasising the importance of managing and enhancing various aspects of social media interaction to improve overall customer satisfaction levels. The study results indicate that brand awareness and recognition are critical factors for growing brand preference, and maintaining a consistent brand identity and leveraging social media are effective strategies for enhancing these aspects. However, it is important to recognise that the significance of brand recall may vary, and businesses should consider their specific context and continuously assess consumer sentiment to make informed branding decisions. The study concludes that businesses may improve their brand awareness, communicate with customers, and favourably influence purchasing decisions by understanding and properly exploiting social media. Social media has been found to be an effective tool to grow brand preference.
The role of community workers in promoting service delivery in Nsikazi North, Mpumalanga
(2024-07) Mavundhla, Jabulani Phema; Lekhanya, Lawrence Mpele
Municipal IQ, a research organization that collects data on service-delivery-related protests targeting municipalities, found on average, 94 protests per year took place in South Africa between 2004 and 2016, for service delivery perceived as lacking in many South African communities. In an explorative manner, the research seeks to investigate the roles and effectiveness of community workers in improving service delivery in various communities, with special focus on rural areas of Nsikazi North, Mpumalanga province. The primary research objective is to investigate the effectiveness of community workers in service delivery initiatives in the rural areas of Nsikazi North in the Mpumalanga Province. The study shall follow a qualitative method to collect in-depth details on the topic. A review of literature will comprise published research relating to community workers as agents of service delivery and challenges faced by different community workers in delivering services in the community. In addition, the literature review provides information on community perception towards community workers. A semi-structured questionnaire, combined with a semi-structured interview method will be employed to gather the required data. Residents from Nsikazi North will form the sampling frame of the envisaged research, with 12 participants selected for sampling, of which three respondents will be selected for semi-structured interviews using convenience and snowballing methods. The remaining nine respondents shall be chosen through a purposive sampling technique, which will include City of Mbombela councillors, and Community Workers.
Effects of sugar taxation on small-scale canegrowers in eMpangeni, KwaZulu-Natal
(2024-08) Ndlazi, Mirriam Monica; Murwirapachena, Genius
In April 2018, the South African government implemented a Health Promotion Levy (HPL), commonly known a sugar tax, on sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs). This followed the discovery that the regular consumption of SSBs is associated with an increased risk of dental cavities, obesity and noncommunicable diseases. Since the introduction of the sugar tax, there has been a noticeable reduction in the demand for sugar. While sugar taxation is a necessary intervention towards addressing obesity and non-communicable diseases, this has a significant financial impact in the sugar industry. Equally affected are the small-scale canegrowers who rely solely on the production of sugarcane for income. The study investigated the effects of the sugar tax on small-scale canegrowers in the Empangeni area of KwaZulu-Natal. To achieve this, the study adopted a cross-sectional research design where quantitative data was collected from 262 small-scale canegrowers in the Empangeni region. Descriptive statistics and the principal component analysis technique were subsequently utilised to analyse the data. Several key findings emerged from the study which revealed significant concerns among respondents, indicating a consensus on declining sugarcane production, some growers abandoning their farms, and adverse impacts such as job losses. Additionally, a lack of confidence in government support to mitigate these effects was evident. These insights highlight the necessity for policy interventions to address the challenges faced by small-scale canegrowers.
Determining the significant marketing mix elements influencing small retail businesses’ success in Durban Central
(2024-08) Mahohoma, Norman; Agbenyegah, Albert Tchey
The primary purpose of this research study is to determine the significant marketing mix elements influencing the success of small retail businesses in Durban Central, South Africa. Despite the acknowledgment of small businesses as crucial for economic growth, a high failure rate persists, with causes including funding challenges, management skill deficits and a lack of marketing expertise. Previous studies underscore the importance of addressing these factors for sustainable small business success. Employing quantitative techniques, this study analysed data collected from 217 small retail businesses in Durban Central using closed-ended questionnaires. Using SPSS 29.0, descriptive and inferential statistics were utilised to explore the relationship between marketing mix elements and business success. Key findings revealed a price-sensitive retail landscape, highlighting the importance of value-based pricing strategies. Additionally, promotion emerged as a pivotal driver of success, alongside factors such as competitive pricing and exceptional customer service. Furthermore, the study highlighted a predominant reliance on financial dimensions for assessing success, overshadowing factors like innovation and customer loyalty. The research proposed a conceptual framework integrating marketing mix elements with internal, market and external environments, centered on the 7Ps. Recommendations include prioritising marketing skills development, fostering creativity, exploring diverse financial support sources and implementing value-based pricing strategies. Furthermore, strategic collaboration with industry networks is advised to promote resilience and growth. The insights gained from this study offer valuable implications for small retail businesses in Durban Central and South Africa at large, informing strategies for enhanced marketing mix element application and ultimately contributing to business sustainability and economic prosperity.
Improving service delivery at a public health care clinic through a quality management system : the case of Hartebeeskop Clinic in Elukwatini, Mpumalanga
(2024-08) Shandu, Sibahle; Ramchander, Manduth
Service quality challenges in public healthcare clinics in South Africa are multi-faceted and complex. Resource constraints, staff-related challenges, and patient-related challenges are healthcare providers' primary obstacles in providing high-quality service. These challenges are interrelated and can have a significant impact on the quality of service provided to patients. The implementation of a Quality Management System (QMS) can have significant benefits for public healthcare clinics in South Africa, including improvements in patient satisfaction, quality of care, and staff morale. QMS can also help to address some of the challenges facing public health care clinics in South Africa, including resource constraints, resistance to change, inadequate training and support, cultural and language barriers, and a lack of effective leadership and governance. However, successful QMS implementation requires adequate resources, effective training and support, successful communication and buy-in from all stakeholders, good leadership and governance, and sustained monitoring and evaluation. Therefore, there is a need for a concerted effort to support the implementation of QMS in public health care clinics in South Africa, including policy support, funding, training and support, and ongoing monitoring and evaluation. Numerous studies have been conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of QMS in the public clinics in South Africa. The studies have assessed the impact of QMS on various aspects of healthcare services, such as patient outcomes, healthcare workers' satisfaction, and healthcare system performance. However, in all these studies, a gap still emerges in that in some studies, only patients were participants, while in others, only health care providers were participants. This research project aimed to Improve service delivery at a public health care clinic through a Quality Management System: The case of Hartebeeskop Clinic in Elukwatini, Mpumalanga. By ascertaining the challenges and gaps in service delivery at the Hartebeeskop Clinic and to improve service delivery, by discovering the gaps in service delivery at the clinic through conducting a survey amongst patients and conducting interviews with the health care providers to ascertain the effectiveness of the QMS that is currently in place at the clinic by document analysis. The study also set out to establish how the health sector can realise the provision of quality service delivery to the community, as enshrined in the South African Constitution, Act 108 of 1996. A pragmatist paradigm was deemed to be most suitable for this study because the researcher gathered quantitative data from patients and qualitative data from clinic staff, thus enabling a complete picture of the phenomena under study to emerge. The study employed a mixed methods research design and as a result, the researcher was able to corroborate the findings and better interpret them and give a deeper understanding to the study. The researcher adopted phenomenology as a design in quantitative research because the researcher sought to understand how patients experience the service delivered by the healthcare providers, in addition to exploring the experiences and perspectives of patients and healthcare providers. For the quantitative part of the study, the research had a population of 6000 patients and the sample size of 364 patients. The researcher used Kaur’s (2018) formula to find the sample size for a quantitative study. The participants were selected using systematic probability sampling. The researcher chose every 3rd patient who did not answer previously and agreed to participate in the study; for patients who refused to participate, the researcher asked the next patient. The population for the qualitative study was 18 healthcare givers. Therefore, there was no sampling because the population was small, and all healthcare providers were interviewed. Reliability assumes that data collection instruments and procedures will produce consistent results. The researcher used the software SPSS version 20 for Windows 11 for data analysis. According to Heris (2018), a construct or variable is said to be highly reliable if it provides a Cronbach Alpha value of > 0.7- 0.9. The researcher used Cronbach's Alpha to determine the reliability of the questionnaire. This study recommends that the government ensures that there is improvement in resource allocation to public healthcare institutions, so that public institutions provide quality service delivery and quality healthcare services to customers. The National Health Department must ensure that all public institutions implement the National Core Standards (NCS); Batho Pele principles should be familiar to staff to ensure patients’ rights and to enhance service delivery at the public clinic. Reducing staff attitudes at Hartebeeskop Clinic is an essential endeavour. The challenges faced by healthcare workers in these settings are numerous, but with the right strategies and a commitment to improving the work environment, positive change is possible. By addressing issues such as resource allocation, communication, training, and organisational culture, Hartebeeskop Clinic can create a more positive atmosphere for both staff and patients. Continuous monitoring and adaptation of these strategies are key to long-term success in improving staff attitudes and, consequently, the quality of care provided to the community. The study’s contributions include an identification of key service delivery factors and demonstration of QMS effectiveness, providing valuable insights for healthcare quality improvement in public clinics.
An employee engagement framework linked to leadership practices and organisational culture at a selected University of Technology in KwaZulu-Natal
(2024) Tatenda Chikukwa; Lourens, Melanie Elizabeth
The main objective of the research study was to develop an employee engagement framework linked to leadership practices and organisational culture for the Durban University of Technology. Continuous and disruptive change in the higher education sector has resulted in a widening disconnect between leadership and employees as well as low levels of employee engagement in higher education institutions in South Africa. The research objectives for the study focused on investigating the role and importance of employee engagement; the relationship between employee engagement and leadership practices; the relationship between employee engagement and organisational culture, as well as between leadership practices and organisational culture; and suggesting ways in which the Durban University of Technology can integrate organisational culture and leadership practices towards enhancing employee engagement. The literature on employee engagement, leadership practices and organisational culture indicated that there is more focus on the business sector as compared to the higher education sector. The findings of the research study are beneficial to employees, employee engagement practitioners and researchers, the Durban University of Technology and other universities. In addition, the study contributed knowledge on employee engagement, leadership practices and organisational culture in the higher education sector, particularly universities of technology. The study adopted a quantitative research methodology which entailed the researcher using a structured closed-ended questionnaire to collect primary data from sample respondents. The target population was N=1861 and a sample size of n=320 was selected using simple random sampling without replacement. After data collection and data cleaning, a response rate of 71.0% was achieved, which was deemed to be acceptable. The collected data was captured to form a data set which was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 27 for Windows. Furthermore, various robust parametric and non-parametric tests were conducted to determine the existence of relationships amongst the variables under study as well as the tenability of the employee engagement framework. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) resulted in 16 hypotheses being developed, of which seven hypotheses were statistically significant and accepted, whilst nine hypotheses were statistically not significant and rejected. The results of the study were corroborated by previous research studies conducted nationally and globally. The main findings from the research were that line management leadership practices have a significant and positive effect on the employee engagement dimensions of work ethic and supportive environment; a goal-oriented organisational culture has a positive and significant effect on the employee engagement dimension of supportive environment; and a supportive organisational culture has a positive and significant effect on employee centred, inclusive institutional leadership practices as well as line management leadership practices. The research findings suggest that it is vital for the university to find ways to enhance employee engagement across the institution because an engaged workforce benefits an organisation through thriving employees and students. The research study contributed towards the ongoing development of employee engagement literature in the higher education sector and concluded with suggestions/directions for future research studies.
Effective intercultural communication : a case of radio Al Ansaar
(2024-04) Vilankulu, Lindiwe Sharon; Rawjee, Veena Parboo
Organisations are becoming more multicultural due to internationalisation and migration in a globalised world. Intercultural communication, crucial for diverse workplaces, involves sending and receiving messages among employees from different cultural backgrounds. Intercultural communication can lead to varied interpretations of verbal and non-verbal cues, particularly in countries with high immigrant rates, resulting in communication challenges. The aim of this study is to examine the cultural barriers among employees at Radio Al Ansaar. The objectives of the study are to identify barrier types and specific problems and suggest solutions. The study employed a quantitative research approach. A census method was considered appropriate for this study and adopted. Data were collected via structured questionnaires. Questionnaires were distributed and administered to 55 employees; of whom 45 employees participated. The findings of this study revealed that verbal and nonverbal cultural differences, cultural stereotyping, ethnocentrism and personal characteristics such as age, gender, home language and nationality were the main cultural barriers. To address cultural barriers and challenges, practical recommendations include advocating for employees to cultivate patience, understand diverse perspectives, promote open communication, enhance language skills and foster empathy. Additionally, the study suggests that broadcast media can play a pivotal role in this context by supporting intercultural sensitivity training, encouraging cross-cultural activities and facilitating open communication initiatives.
Building peace via school peace clubs in Umlazi, eThekwini region
(2024-06) Manatsa, Isheachida; Davis, Jason; Harris, Geoff T.
School violence stands is a pressing global concern, notably within the South African educational framework, with a particular focus on secondary schools. Existing literature and media representations have attempted to illuminate the disconcerting prevalence of violence within the high school setting. The causal factors underpinning this phenomenon are multi-faceted, encompassing aspects such as the geographical context of the school's location and the internal school environment itself. Additionally, the family and community setting assume a significant role in exacerbating incidents of school violence. The harmful repercussions on the physical, cognitive, social, and emotional well-being of both educators and learners have been extensively documented, observed, and experienced. Consequently, the effect of this issue necessitates the implementation of evidence-based interventions grounded in developmental principles. This research study, therefore, adopted an evidence-based approach in its efforts to mitigate the pervasive culture of school violence within four high schools situated in the Umlazi District of Kwa-Zulu-Natal, South Africa. To acquire baseline data, a questionnaire was administered to 603 learners. Subsequently, a series of interviews were conducted with four parents, seven teachers, and eight security personnel to gain deeper insights into the intricate dynamics of school violence. Following this phase, a Peace Club for twenty-eight learners was established within three participating schools, serving as a dedicated platform for learners to articulate their concerns. Regrettably, one of the four schools opted to discontinue its involvement in the study. In the remaining three schools, learners were actively engaged in a six-month series of focus group discussions. The findings unveiled a distressing pattern of recurrent violence within the vicinity of these schools. Predominantly, manifestations of violence encompassed threats, physical assaults, and theft. Moreover, learners frequently reported instances of verbal abuse perpetrated by educators. The causal factors of school violence were identified as stemming from various sources, including social media, drug and substance abuse, community, and family-related influences. Drawing upon the principles of Action Research, participants from two distinct Peace Clubs voluntarily undertook the task of formulating peace projects tailored to their respective schools. Unfortunately, one school decided to not formulate a peace project. Through the implementation of these peace projects, heightened awareness concerning school violence was created, underscored by an increased emphasis on the importance of a positive learning environment. This process demonstrated that even schools facing resource constraints can successfully initiate and sustain social initiatives. Notably, an observable improvement in learner behaviour was reported, thus substantiating the contention that viable solutions to complex issues can indeed originate at the grassroots level. Considering these outcomes, it is advisable to consider the effectiveness of Peace Clubs in mitigating school violence, with the added benefit of requiring relatively modest resource allocation in these strained economic conditions.
Improving rural citizen satisfaction with water services : a case of the uMzumbe Local Municipality
(2024) Mpisane, Sinethemba Beryl; Murwirapachena, Genius
South African rural households generally experience water supply challenges. Some rural households do not have access to potable water services at all and rely on natural sources. The consequences of water from such sources are far-reaching. Where households have access to potable water, they mostly use community taps which in many cases are further from their dwellings. Equally, evidence exists that water supply reliability and quality are major concerns in many rural areas. This study aims to establish possible ways through which water service delivery can be improved to meet the needs of rural citizens in South Africa. To do this, a mixed-methods approach was adopted where quantitative data was collected from 360 household heads across four villages selected in the Umzumbe Local Municipality. Additionally, qualitative data was collected from 7 employees sampled from the Water Service Department of the UGu District Municipality which is the Water Service Authority for the Umzumbe Local Municipality. Probit regression models were then used to analyse the quantitative data, while a manual thematic approach was used to analyse the qualitative data. Results from the household survey revealed that households are not satisfied with how they currently access drinking water, they are also not satisfied with the quality of their drinking water and are not satisfied with water supply reliability. On the contrary, municipal employees revealed that rural households are currently satisfied with the quality of their drinking water supply. However, they identified load shedding, illegal connections, budget constraints, ageing infrastructure, and climate change among the key factors affecting effective water service delivery in the municipality. The study then triangulates the quantitative and qualitative findings and made five recommendations that can improve rural citizen satisfaction with water services.
Factors influencing the provision of water services at uMhlathuze Local Municipality
(2024) Madlopha, Sibongekile Princess; Murwirapachena, Genius
South African municipalities are mandated with the efficient and effective provision of public services to communities. These services include water and sanitation, electricity and solid waste disposal, among others. Generally, municipalities experience several challenges in the provision of these public services and the consequences include the prevalence of public service delivery protests, which in some cases become violent. This study investigates the factors influencing the provision of water services using a case study of the uMhlathuze Local Municipality in KwaZulu-Natal. The study uses quantitative data collected from 383 household heads randomly sampled across the uMhlathuze Local Municipality. The principal component analysis technique is used to analyse the survey data and establish the key factors affecting water service provision in the municipality. Findings from the study show that respondents were cognisant of the reality that South Africa is a water-scarce country. However, population growth, unsustainable water management, poor governance and deteriorating water supply infrastructure are among the determinants of water service delivery in the municipality. The study further reports that improving effectiveness in water service delivery may require the municipality to introduce prepaid water meters, conduct consumer education campaigns on water conservation and ensure the constant repair and maintenance of water supply infrastructure. Findings from this study essentially inform water policy making and implementation at the uMhlathuze Local Municipality and in other local municipalities with similar operating environments.
The role of corporate governance towards the reliability of financial reports in small and medium enterprises in Durban, KwaZulu-Natal
(2024-07) Khumalo, Sinenhlanhla Thabile Nompilo; Lekhanya, Lawrence Mpele
Small and medium enterprises (SME) play a vital role in the global economy, but their financial reporting reliability is a concern due to limited resources. Corporate governance is crucial for directing businesses, fostering participation, and ensuring long-term sustainability. This research investigates SMEs' compliance, challenges, and the role of corporate governance in the reliability of their financial reports. The research employed quantitative research design as a technique of collecting data and analysing data, collected from a sample of 248 SMEs via non-probability, purposive sampling method. The findings were presented and analysed by SPSS 28.0. The study found that SMEs in Durban lack a board structure, which is crucial for strategic decision-making and sustainability. The absence of effective corporate governance has a detrimental impact on the transparency and reliability of financial reporting, ultimately jeopardising the viability of these enterprises. Conversely, when governance is properly implemented, it can mitigate potential risks and improve compliance, thereby supporting the long-term growth and success of SMEs. Furthermore, corporate governance and financial reporting help address internal difficulties encountered by SMEs. The dependability of financial reports is dependent on excellent governance, effective risk management, and ethical compliance. This assurance is achieved through the process of auditing. The study revealed that SMEs require greater focus on strategic policies, governance, and access to platforms that facilitate the development of professional networks. These networks provide businesses with access to skilled individuals who can potentially serve as non-executive board members.
The influence of sponsorship on consumer behaviour in Ghana football
(2024-07) Sarpong, Appiah; Zungu, Nkululeko PraiseGod
Sports sponsorship is a vital marketing strategy where companies provide financial support, resources, or products to sports entities in exchange for brand exposure. This practice boosts brand visibility taps into passionate fan bases, and fosters customer loyalty. However, Ghana's Premier League (GPL) faces sponsorship challenges despite its significance. This study investigates sponsorship's impact on purchase intentions among Ghanaian soccer fans. The research aims to bridge the gap in understanding how sponsorship influences fans' behavior, specifically their purchase intentions. Objectives include assessing fan attitudes, evaluating fan involvement's impact, measuring sponsor-event fit's effect, gauging brand image's role, understanding sponsor brand perception's influence, and examining soccer fan characteristics' moderating role. The literature review critically analyses sports sponsorship's effect on fans' purchasing intentions. Drawing from theories and foundational works, the study's framework delves into core variables, rooted in prior literature. Hypotheses are derived from a rigorous synthesis of theories and literature. The research design is explanatory, and the approach is quantitative. A non-probability sampling technique, specifically, convenience sampling, is used to select participants from the two clubs, found within a 50-kilometer radius of the club’s home base. Using survey data from 389 respondents in Accra and Kumasi, a conceptual framework is developed and validated. Data was collected using a questionnaire, with items used in the questionnaire sourced from previous studies. Collected data was entered in Excel and transferred into SPSS version 26.0 and Smart PLS for further analysis. The analyses employed both descriptive and inferential statistics. Findings indicate fan attitude significantly influences purchase intention. Sponsor-event fit doesn't significantly impact purchase intention, but sponsor brand perception does. Moreover, customer characteristics don't moderate sponsorship's effect on purchase intention. This study informs practitioners about effective sponsorship strategies from a fan's perspective. It expands sports marketing literature in emerging economies. Recommendations include building emotional connections, aligning with fan values, and leveraging user-generated content. In conclusion, this research advances the understanding of fan attitudes, involvement, brand perception, and image in shaping purchase intentions among Ghanaian soccer fans. It contributes to both theoretical knowledge and practical strategies in sports marketing.
Educating for peace : an alternative to violence at a Cape Flats school, South Africa
(2024-08) Matthee, Tahirih; Kaye, Sylvia B.; Harris, Geoff T.
Peace education is considered an important peacebuilding strategy in addressing school violence to create a culture of peace, but it has often been ignored. Violence at many South African schools is associated with an array of social ills as a direct consequence of the Apartheid era which created one of the most unequal societies in the world, manifesting chronic poverty, the disintegration of family- and gender-based violence, authoritarian attitudes and gangsterism. The main purpose of the study was to investigate school violence reduction strategies and to design and implement a peacebuilding strategy towards creating a peaceable school. The general approach of the Department of Basic Education to reduce school violence has been to focus on policies as contained in the National School Safety Framework. Despite the efforts of the DoBE and other strategies, school violence is a growing concern. This study was underpinned by Galtung’s theory of conflict, violence, and peace with its emphasis on positive peace in addressing structural violence necessary for a culture of peace to emerge; Lederach’s theory of conflict transformation which emphasises relational issues and the transformation of social conflicts; Bronfenbrenner’s ecological theory as it provided a suitable framework for consideration of the risk factors which contribute to school violence; and the Integrative Theory of Peace, which asserts that effective peace education is aligned to a unity-base worldview, a culture of healing, a culture of peace and a peace-oriented curriculum. This mixed methods study employed a case study research design. Two secondary schools were involved in the study in the Blue Downs/ Kleinvlei area of the Cape Flats. The data collection in the study emanated from 200 grade 11 learners completing semi-structured questionnaires; and educators, parents and learners at each school participating in semi structured focus groups and interviews. The application of triangulation strengthened the reliability and validity of the research. The pre-intervention findings in this study confirmed a high prevalence of violence. Participants in the study indicated the following risk factors and contributors to school violence, namely: emotional and mental health; language, communication and social media; bullying, power and domination; domestic abuse; physical violence; school-related aspects; socio-economic conditions; substance abuse; romantic and intimate relationships; and the lack of role models and training. Through a participatory action research approach and unity-based worldview, the intervention that emanated from one school’s response was aligned to the (2020-2025) Transform to Perform strategy of the Western Cape Education Department with special attention to Values in Education and supported by Peace Jam, an international non-governmental organisation focused on peacebuilding in schools. The short-term evaluation of the intervention indicated that a unity based peace education approach holds promise for future positive outcomes in contributing towards the creation of a peaceable school.
Evaluating the implementation of supply chain management and procurement processes in the Department of Transport, province of KwaZulu-Natal
(2024-08) Khomo, Sanele; Zwane, Zwelithini Mangethe; Anwana, Emem
Supply chain management has become a fundamental aspect of public-sector organisations, serving as a mechanism for policy implementation. Its goal is to minimise the complexities of public service delivery by providing a systematic process involving the coordination of activities in terms of inputs, processes and outputs by all the relevant parties. Over the years, observations have highlighted challenges within the supply chain management systems of government institutions. Amongst the many challenges to the implementation of supply chain management (SCM) processes in South Africa are mismanagement of resources, a weak governance system and the inability of the government to create fair, equitable, transparent, efficient and cost- effective SCM systems and processes. The Department of Transport in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN) serves as a case study illustrating ineffective supply chain management processes and the complex systems that hinder effective service delivery. This has been evident in many cases, including the consistent qualified audit reports the Department of Transport (DoT) received during the 2017–2018 financial year up to the 2021–2022 financial year. Moreover, it seems to indicate that the SCM space is a sensitive and vulnerable one. This research study aims to investigate the challenges that inhibit the effective implementation of the SCM processes to enable the builders of the nation to find a space to advance the socio-economic development interests of the nation and improve the quality of service delivery. The study adopted a qualitative research approach to solicit detailed information on the challenges of ineffective supply chain processes. It further targets employees within the DoT, head office and regional offices as the study population. The researcher utilised the purposive sampling method to select a total of 12 supply chain employees within DoT. Subsequently, semi-structured interviews were conducted with the chosen sample, allowing for a comprehensive exploration of their perspectives and experiences related to the study's objectives. In this study, a brief theoretical perspective on SCM is provided. It is followed by an analysis of the auditor general’s reports from the 2017/18 to 2021/22 fiscal years and the SCM policy and processes of the KwaZulu-Natal Department of Transport to identify the challenges and propose sustainable solutions. The study further interrogated the legislative mandate while linking it with the auditor general’s findings to determine the extent of the transgressions by the department. In order to support the research findings, the study will employ qualitative data collection. The study findings indicate that the implementation of proper SCM practices face challenges within the KZN-DoT. These challenges have made it difficult for the department to function effectively in terms of SCM, hence the issues that have been presented in the study, such as compliance with the current legislation, lack of professionalism and delays in service delivery.
Drivers of corporate social responsibility and sustainable firm level growth : a case of small and medium enterprises in KwaZulu-Natal
(2024) Vasala, Praveen Kumar; Kader, Abdulla
The study investigated the role of firm level resources in adopting corporate social responsibility (CSR) strategy and firm level growth. Firm resources drive specific CSR strategy selection, implementation, and drive firm level growth. This premise was drawn from the consensus that Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) are critical for economic growth in developing and developed economies. For Instance, in South Africa, aggregate economic growth is influenced by the micro-level performance of individual firms. Thus, in this vein, there is growing recognition of SMEs' important role in economic development. They are often described as efficient and prolific job creators, the seeds of big businesses, and the fuel of national economic engines, with much hype placed on their ability to create employment. Nevertheless, for a multiplicity of reasons, the success rate of SMEs in South Africa is low, and several studies have identified a lack of finance as one of the main reasons for the low success rate. This study used literature and data to capture the nexus of firm level resources, CSR strategy and firm level growth. For instance, in the present study, the theory of the growth of the firm and Resource Based Views (RBVs) was used as a theoretical framework to illuminate the firm level resources that inform CSR strategy and enhance firm level growth. From the total population of SMEs in KwaZulu-Natal (KZN), this study developed a stratified sampling process that showed the major economic sectors, such as the manufacturing, mining, retail and technology sectors. Primary data were collected through a cross-sectional survey using a closed ended research instrument and analysed using advanced econometric estimations, the structural equation model (SEM) and the path analysis (PA). The evidence suggested a bidirectional causal influence between firm level growth imperatives and CSR strategies in SMEs in KZN, albeit the intensity of causality seemingly varied per industry and the implemented CSR strategy.
Public procurement legislation: implementation and challenges of oil and gas companies listed on the Johannesburg securities exchange
(2024) Anwana, Otu Michael; K Reddy
Public procurement is recognized as the process for the purchase of goods and services by government or public entity to satisfy their requirement, with emphasis on the achievement of value for money, while seeking to award the transaction on the best possible terms. Scholars agree that public procurement constitutes one of the most important business processes for governments being the vehicle through which public infrastructure projects and service delivery are implemented. Global, public procurement is estimated at over 9.8 trillion US dollars, accounting for approximately 15% to 22% of the global gross domestic product (GDP) (World Bank Global Procurement Database), and therefore plays a significant role in the economic life of all nations and a major source of business opportunities with significant effect on a country’s gross domestic product (GDP). Due to its importance, there is an imperative for public procurement to be affectively legislated and managed to ensure positive impacts on many aspects of the social and economic life of nations. Statistics show that the global trend applies in South Africa, as public procurement is estimated to account for 22% of GDP with annual spend of about billion Rands. Unfortunately, in spite of the large spend profile, recognized by World Bank as one of the largest public procurements spend amongst sub-Saharan African countries, and a long list of legislation to support it, public procurement impact on the social and economic development of the majority of South African citizens seems invisible. Scholars have blamed this failure on sub-optimal implementation of and noncompliance with legislation and corruption. It is against this background that this study been undertaken. This study has therefore investigated the challenges associated with the implementation of public procurement legislation, and how such implementation has affected the meaningful participation of previously disadvantaged persons in public procurement. The study has been conducted with reference companies listed on the oil and gas sector of the Johannesburg securities exchange and adopted the qualitative research method.
Evaluating post-consumer metal packaging recovery systems in South Africa
(2024-07) Singh, Kishan; Ramchander, Manduth; Nadar, M. M.
This thesis evaluated the post-consumer metal packaging recovery systems in South Africa (SA) against the backdrop of existing environmental management legislation and international best practices. It also examined the factors influencing the recovery of post consumer metal packaging in SA, aligning with the recent Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) obligations, circular economy principles and sustainable development theory. The SA packaging industry generates approximately 3.5 million tons of packaging annually, representing an economic value of approximately R100 billion, contributing 1.5% to the SA national Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in 2022. The metal packaging segment, valued at R7.8 billion, exerts a substantial influence on the overall packaging value in South Africa's packaging industry. In accordance with the compliance regulations set by the Department of Forestry, Fisheries and Environment (DFFE) in South Africa, the metal packaging industry is required to submit annual reports on the recovery of post-consumer metal packaging. These reports must demonstrate a year-on-year post-consumer metal packaging recovery growth of 2%, starting from the 2022 baseline target of 59% and continuing to 67% by 2026. The actual post-consumer metal packaging recovery was reported as 53.5% for the year 2022, indicating a gap of 5.5% from the target. Given the projection of metal packaging placed on the SA market, against the projected post-consumer recovery rate, this gap is expected to widen to 9.19% by 2024. The study therefore aimed to propose a model that will improve the recovery and recycling rates, as well as the data reporting integrity, of post-consumer metal packaging in SA, enhancing the metal packaging circular economy, aligning with global sustainable development principles and South African legislation. This study explored, through a systematic literature review (SLR), the global best practices relating to post-consumer metal packaging recovery, considering the current challenges on metal recovery, coupled with an understanding of the local converter/brand-owner and metal recycler commitment to metal recovery and recycling in SA. The SLR was complemented with two qualitative surveys to determine the foundational elements of the proposed model. The SLR adopted rigorous search criteria, and restricted the research to the past eight years, to maintain technical relevance, thus ensuring that the latest technology and business knowledge is addressed. The qualitative research, built upon the SLR findings, deployed two sets of open-ended questionnaires that were used to interview key converter/brand-owners and metal recyclers in South Africa, capturing responses through focused, semi structured discussions. The findings of this study indicate that SA is not aligned with global best practices with respect to post consumer metal packaging recovery. The researcher proposed a robust post-consumer metal packaging recovery model for South Africa, leveraging Industry 4.0 technology, design for recycling (D4R) principles, synchronised deposit return systems (DRS), supported by unmanned aerial vehicles (UAV), to sustainably increase post-consumer metal packaging recovery volumes. This model, in alignment with international best practices, provides accurate and reliable data to illustrate the circular economy (CE) of metal, aiming to improve the recovery of metal packaging in SA, supporting the EPR compliance obligations and sustainability development principles within SA. The recommendations derived from this research could have broader applications in other packaging substrates, both domestically and internationally, if they are adapted to the specific context of the respective industries.
Development of a framework for the provision of student-centred assessment in higher education
(2024-08) Ross, Noelene Simone; Rajkoomar, Mogiveny; Green, Paul
The reform of education over the past three decades has influenced Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to transform their assessment practices. Lecturers are required to facilitate learning through an innovative and student-centred approach. This involves inculcating knowledge, competencies and 21st century skills by integrating teaching and learning and assessment practices. This paradigm shift to a student-centred approach to assessment practices allows assessments to be authentic. Student centred assessments increase autonomy, creativity, critical thinking and problem solving skills. It prepares students to be adaptive graduates and life-long learners with the ability to explore real-world challenges and problems. Consequently, assessment practices perform an important role in Higher Education in order to address the critical skills and autonomy needed by students, which can be provided through the use of authentic or student-centred assessments that promote the use of 21st century skills. Therefore, nationally and globally, HEIs are required to adapt to the paradigm shift. Thus, the objectives of this study were to ascertain, explore and establish the practices of student-centred assessments at the Durban University of Technology. This study followed a convergent mixed methods design, adopting a case study approach. The quantitative phase of the study comprised questionnaires completed by staff and students from the Faculty of Accounting and Informatics. The qualitative phase was a document analysis of the institutional documents pertaining to assessments. The results from the quantitative and qualitative phases were analysed and interpreted to present the findings. The results from both phases were triangulated with the theoretical framework, conceptual framework and reviewed literature. The overall findings revealed that there was a need for student-centred assessment practices. The findings also indicated that staff supported various student-centred assessment and activities. However, there was limited usage of student-centred assessment due to the barriers and challenges that staff experience. The study recommends a proposed framework for the provision of student-centred assessments. This framework offers guidelines to assist lecturers in creating and evaluating assessments that foster student-centeredness, and that influence higher-order thinking skills and self-development.

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