Repository logo
 

Research Publications (Engineering and Built Environment)

Permanent URI for this collectionhttp://ir-dev.dut.ac.za/handle/10321/215

Browse

Recent Submissions

Now showing 1 - 20 of 411
  • Item
    Application of mine tailings sand as construction material : a review
    (EDP Sciences, 2022-09-30) Ikotun, Jacob Olumuyiwa; Adeyeye, Rhoda; Otieno, Mike; Alexander, M.G.; Beushausen, Hans; Dehn, F.; Ndawula, J.; Moyo, Pilate
    Abstract. Tailings are found during the exploration and processing of mineral ores. They contain a mixture of grounded rocks, processed effluent, and some trace elements that have the potential to damage the environment. Recent urbanisation has led to a large stockpile of tailings in many mining environment constituting health hazard. It becomes very important to develop disposal techniques that will reduce the huge mountain of tailings in mining environment. One of such method is the application of tailings in sustainable concrete production. It is shown that physical and chemical characteristics of tailings are comparable to crusher sand used in engineering construction and therefore, tailings can be used to partially replace sand in bituminous and concrete mixtures. In this review, specific interest has been given to iron, copper, and gold tailings, this is due to their dominance in mining areas of Kwa-Zulu Natal province of South Africa.
  • Item
    Maintenance strategy for peri-urban pedestrian infrastructure in Pietermaritzburg city
    (Southern African Transport Conference, 2024-07-24) Marule, W. T.; Bashingi, N.; Chetty, A.; Adedeji, Jacob Adedayo; Honiball, J.
    Socioeconomic factors, such as a high rate of unemployment and low income resulting in the inability to use public transport, coupled with the rising cost of living, have become core elements compelling pedestrians in peri-urban areas to opt for nonmotorized transport systems (NMTs). Peri-urban areas are nonurban locations directly adjacent to metropolitan areas that house a mixture of urban and rural populations, activities and infrastructure. Walking is one of the most sustainable modes of transport; it not only benefits the health and social interaction of users but also contributes positively to the environment by reducing the carbon footprint. However, the disregard of NMT infrastructure maintenance in most peri-urban areas in South Africa poses safety risks, forcing facility users to walk within roadways and possibly increasing the rate of pedestrian road accidents. A lack of maintenance further leads to defects such as uneven walkways, unsecured or broken manholes, malfunctioning traffic and streetlights, and missing road signs. Therefore, it is imperative to evaluate and develop maintenance plans to enhance the existing infrastructure and ensure sustainable, accessible and safer transport systems. A mixed- method research approach involving exhaustive site surveys of selected pedestrian walkways in peri-urban to urban areas and further investigation of existing maintenance strategies is proposed. The results will provide critical insights into measures to improve pedestrian walkway accessibility in peri-urban areas. Subsequently, a robust conceptual framework for maintenance strategies for NMT infrastructures in peri-urban areas is proposed.
  • Item
    Essential parameters for strength-based service life modeling of reinforced concrete structures : a review
    (2012) Ikotun, J. O.; Ekolu, S. E.
    While there are a number of carbonation-induced service life models and extensive data that has been presented in the literature, most do not capture all the necessary parameters to allow their universal application to reinforced concrete structures. Results in the literature generally show an existence of a strong fundamental relationship between carbonation and compressive strength of concrete, but hardly any model has been successful in developing a universal functional relationship for service life prediction. It is often the case that models developed on the basis of a particular data set fail to apply when treated to another data from other authors. These issues indicate the underlying complexity of attempting to determine and emerge the empirical or mathematical functions capable of adequately capturing the key influential parameters affecting observed performance. In a critical review of literature, a variety of parameters in the strength-based models are compiled for a range of potentially plausible models and then examined. Specific interest has been given to models that account or have the potential to account for complex cementitious systems, various types of climates or field exposure conditions. It is found that there is potential to introduce robustness into few selected models that seem, from the literature examination, to closely relate to service life situations and/or needs in Sub-Saharan Africa, among other regions. © 2012 Taylor & Francis Group.
  • Item
    An optimized support vector machine for lung cancer classification system
    (Frontiers Media SA, 2024-12-23) Oyediran, Mayowa O.; Ojo, Olufemi S.; Raji, Ibrahim A.; Adeniyi, Abidemi Emmanuel; Aroba, Oluwasegun Julius
    Introduction Lung cancer is one of the main causes of the rising death rate among the expanding population. For patients with lung cancer to have a higher chance of survival and fewer deaths, early categorization is essential. The goal of this research is to enhance machine learning to increase the precision and quality of lung cancer classification.MethodsThe dataset was obtained from an open-source database and was utilized for testing and training. The suggested system used a CT scan picture as its input image, and it underwent a variety of image processing operations, including segmentation, contrast enhancement, and feature extraction.ResultsThe training process produces a chameleon swarm-based supportvector machine that can identify between benign, malignant, and normal nodules.ConclusionThe performance of the system is evaluated in terms of false-positive rate (FPR), sensitivity, specificity, recognition time and recognition accuracy.
  • Item
    Corrosion behaviour of mild steel in 0.5 M sulphuric acid media in the presence of potassium chromate
    (2018-01-01) Omotosho, Olugbenga Adeshola; Okeniyi, Joshua Olusegun; Ikotun, Joshua Olumuyiwa; Loto, Cleophus Akintoye; Popoola, Abimbola Patric Idowa
    This research investigates the behaviour of K2CrO4 on mild steel corrosion in 0.5 M H2SO4 at ambient temperature of 30'C. The study was conducted using weight loss and potentio-dynamic polarization measurements. Data were recorded from the weight loss tests while the readout from the potentiostat was documented. Adsorption studies were also carried out. Furthermore, an investigation was conducted using surface coverage against concentration plot to determine when the best surface would be obtained during the experiment. Results from the study revealed that inhibitor efficiency increased as inhibitor concentration increased. The potentio-dynamic polarization plot also identified the inhibition mechanism of action as mixed but predominantly anodic type inhibition with maximum Ecorr displacement of 68 mV. The adsorption of the inhibitor agrees with the Langmuir adsorption isotherm while the separation factor which is a component of the Langmuir expression showed a favourable adsorption. The Gibbs free energy of adsorption showed negative value (-9.8 kJ/mol) depicting a spontaneous process with a prevalence of physical adsorption. The first day curve showed the best surface coverage values across all inhibitor concentrations utilized.
  • Item
    Tectona grandis capped silver-nanoparticle material effects on microbial strains inducing microbiologically influenced corrosion
    (Hindawi Limited, 2018) Okeniyi, Joshua Olusegun; Popoola, Abimbola Patricia Idowu; Ojewumi, Modupe Elizabeth; Okeniyi, Elizabeth Toyin; Ikotun, Jacob Olumuyiwa
    This paper investigates Tectona grandis-capped silver nanoparticle material effects on the microbial strains inducing microbiologically influenced corrosion (MIC) of metals. Leaf-extract from Tectona grandis natural plant was used as a precursor for the synthesis of silver-nanoparticle material, which was characterised by a scanning electron microscopy having Energy Dispersion Spectroscopy (SEM + EDS) facility. Sensitivity and resistance studies by the synthesized Tectona grandis capped silver nanoparticle material on three Gram-positive and three Gram-negative, thus totalling six, MIC inducing microbial strains were then studied and compared with what was obtained from a control antibiotic chemical. Results showed that all the microbial strains studied were sensitive to the Tectona grandis capped silver nanoparticle materials whereas two strains of microbes, a Gram-positive and a Gram-negative strain, were resistant to the commercial antibiotic chemical. These results suggest positive prospects on Tectona grandis capped silver nanoparticle usage in corrosion control/protection applications on metallic materials for the microbial corrosion environment.
  • Item
    Enhancing safe mobility using inclusive intelligent infrastructure management system
    (Southern African Transport Conference, 2024-07-11) Abejide, Samuel; Adedeji, Jacob Adedayo
    In the dynamic realm of urbanization, smart city development, particularly in relation to transportation infrastructure, is gaining momentum. This study addresses a gap in the current strategies by emphasizing effective management over mere expansion. Managing infrastructure systems is essential given the increasing trend of tech-driven transportation and the vehicle-to-capacity ratio. To maximize the current infrastructure in East London, South Africa, the Inclusive Intelligent Infrastructure Management System (IIIMS) is the suggested solution. For more sophisticated transportation system design, the project combines data-driven approaches with intelligent transportation systems (ITS). Demand management, predictive maintenance, route optimization, and real-time data collection are important components of this approach. By offering information on traffic patterns, hotspots for congestion, and possible conflicts, these initiatives support well-informed decision-making for capacity expansion. Focusing on Oxford Street, a congested area in East London, this research employs the smart city wheel and the 15-minute smart city concept. The IIIMS loop incorporates adaptive hypotheses for safe mobility principles in a specific spatial and temporal context. By examining the elements of an inclusive intelligent transportation system, this study considers telematic technologies, data-driven traffic management, and safe mobility principles. Hypotheses related to private vehicle access, worker safety, citizen well-being, and urbanized infrastructure management are discussed, offering solutions for safe mobility. The proposed framework includes an operational level- of-service (LOS) lane change modification for Oxford Street, promoting flow and reducing congestion. Recommendations should focus on competitive measures for delay-time management, congestion patterns, and hotspot identification, contributing to smart city discourse and emphasizing inclusive intelligent infrastructure management for safe mobility and urban transportation competitiveness.
  • Item
    Rhizophora mangle L. leaf biochemical characterization : natural-green total-corrosion inhibition prospect on concrete steel-reinforcement in 3.5% NaCl
    (Penerbit UTM Press, 2019-01) Okeniyi, Joshua Olusegun; Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo; Ikotun, Jacob Olumuyiwa; Akinlabi, Stephen Akinwale; Okeniyi, Elizabeth Toyin; Elizabeth, Ojewumi Modupe
    Effective corrosion-protection by plant-extract on metals, in aggressive service-environment, is dependent on the biochemical constituents of which the natural plant is made-up. This paper investigates biochemical characterization of inorganic and organic constituents of Rhizophora mangle L. leaf for gaining insight on its steel-reinforcement corrosion mitigating prospect in NaCl-immersed concretes. For the study, atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR) and phytochemical screening analyses were employed. Total-corrosion effect was also studied from steel-reinforced concrete samples, having different concentrations of the leaf-extract as admixture, and which were immersed in 3.5% NaCl (simulating saline/marine environment). Results, by AAS, showed that Rhizophora mangle L. leaf inorganic constituents were highest in iron, Fe = 10,316.17 μg/g and lowest in cadmium, Cd = 6.2019 μg/g but has neither lead (Pb) nor chromium (Cr). Also, organic constituents, by FT-IR, indicated extract from the leaf constitutes aromatic chained compounds rich in π-electrons as well as sulphur, nitrogen and oxygen-bearing ligands to which iron (steel-rebar) exhibits coordinate affinity. Phytochemical characterization showed that the leaf-extract contains alkaloids, tannins, phlobatannins, saponins, steroids and glycosides. Corrosion-inhibiting prospect testing, using the leaf-extract, indicated reduced steel-reinforcement total-corrosion effects that correlated with the extract admixture concentrations employed in the 3.5% NaCl-immersed steel-reinforced concretes.
  • Item
    Navigating affordability challenges and opportunities in mixed-income housing : a case study of Cornubia in South Africa
    (Informa UK Limited, 2025-01) Olaniran, Temitope Olufolahan; Musvoto, Godfrey Gombana
    This article offers a comprehensive exploration of the complex dynamics within the Cornubia mixed-income housing development. Positioned as a microcosm of challenges in creating sustainable living environments for affordable housing, the paper navigates through theoretical discussions to propose actionable strategies. The study employs a rigorous qualitative methodology rooted in a relativist perspective, utilizing semi-structured interviews, context-sensitive approaches, and local collaboration to delve into participants’ affordability challenges and the constraints/limitations of living in the Cornubia mixed-income housing. The findings, driven by the experiences of 254 low-income residents, illuminate two key themes on affordability: high living costs and affordable living in Cornubia. Findings highlight three factors that exacerbate high costs of living: Electricity, Water, and Transport. These multifaceted challenges underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions. In the context of sustainable development, the study identifies key areas for lasting impact, aligning with environmental sustainability and social equity goals.
  • Item
    Geopolymer cement in pavement applications : bridging sustainability and performance : an in-depth review
    (2024-04-09) Aderinto, Gbenga Emmanuel; Ikotun, Jacob Olumuyiwa; Yato KATTE, Valentine; Madirisha, Makungu
    Growing concerns about the greenhouse effect, global warming, and adverse climate changes primarily stemming from carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions in traditional Portland cement (OPC) used in civil engineering construction, have prompted a shift toward eco-friendly alternatives like geopolymer cement (GPC). Over the last few decades, significant advancements have been made in developing environmentally sustainable pavement construction materials such as GPC to mitigate global CO2 emissions. The success of geopolymer cement (GPC) as an eco-friendly alternative to OPC has garnered attention for its potential to lower carbon emissions and enhance durability. This is attributed to the sustainable production method of GPC, where industrial cementitious waste materials (such as fly ash (FA), metakaolin (MK), mine tailings (MT), slag, etc.) are combined with an eco-friendly alkaline activator and water through the geopolymerization process. Numerous studies on geopolymer concrete indicate that, like OPC, GPC exhibits comparable mechanical properties, including strength, fire resistance, chemical resistance, and durability. This review explores the properties and applications of GPC as a sustainable material in pavement construction, exploring key studies and advancements in geopolymer technology, particularly its suitability for pavement applications. The assessment covers the mechanical properties, long-term performance, and environmental impact of geopolymer-based pavements, providing a comprehensive overview to inform policymakers, engineers, and researchers about the viability of geopolymer-based materials as a sustainable solution for modern pavement construction.
  • Item
    Potentials for adopting sustainable mixed-income housing in African cities : a bibliometric and systematic review
    (Informa UK Limited, 2024-12-31) Olaniran, Temitope Olufolahan; Musvoto, Godfrey Gombana; Aule, Thomas Terna
    This paper offers an overview of mixed-income housing in African cities, emphasising its importance, challenges, and potential solutions. As urbanisation increases, mixed-income housing becomes crucial for addressing housing inequality, fostering social inclusion, and promoting sustainable urban development. However, its application in African contexts is under-researched. Through bibliometric analysis and systematic review, the study utilised VOSviewer to examine existing research, identifying publication trends, dominant themes, emerging trends, and mapping out research gaps of mixed-income housing in the African context. The study highlights geographical biases and calls for diverse research settings to understand mixed-income housing complexities across different African cities. The emerging trends further underscore the need for tailored policies, community integration, sustainable financing, and long-term impact assessments. However, gaps remain in understanding environmental sustainability, economic impacts, and community dynamics in mixed-income housing. The paper concludes with recommendations for future research, advocating interdisciplinary collaboration and mixed-method approaches to formulate a comprehensive strategic framework. Addressing these gaps can guide evidence-based policies to promote inclusive, sustainable mixed-income housing in African cities, aligning with Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and fostering resilient urban futures.
  • Item
    An optimised resource provisioning algorithm for transparent optical core networks
    (Rotherham Press, 2024-07-06) Nleya, Bakhe
    Comparing transparent optical core networks (TOCNs) to their opaque and translucent counterparts, TOC- Ns are usually thought to be more energy efficient. Because of this, they are also considered a workable solution for transport networks that need to provide extremely high bandwidth to support a wide range of services and applications. These wavelength-routed networks are spectrally inefficient due to the ensuing diverse nature of current global traffic. But the spectral efficiency and optical reach of these networks have significantly increased thanks to developments in DSP, modu- lation, and transmission impairment mitigation techniques. Thus, an orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) based TOCN with flexible spectral resource provisioning is reviewed in this paper. We discuss how to strike a balance between spectrum efficiency and resource provisioning at the wavelength routing level. We also propose and evaluate a Q- factor based technique that takes into account different limita- tions in the physical layer. both simulation and analytical methods. Overall, the suggested architecture for the transport network is relatively more efficient in terms of both energy and spectrum utilization.
  • Item
    Effects of concrete quality and natural Johannesburg environment on concrete carbonation rate
    (EDP Sciences, 2018) Ikotun, Jacob Olumuyiwa; Alexander, M.G.; Beushausen, H.; Dehn, F.; Moyo, P.
    This study presents the results of a project undertaken to study the combined effects of concrete quality (binder type, w/b, and duration of initial moist curing) and natural Johannesburg environment on carbonation rate of concretes containing 100% PC, 35% fly ash (FA), 50% ground granulated blast-furnace slag (BS), 10% silica fume (SF) and (30% BS + 10% SF). The results show that apart from the SF blended concretes, the carbonation rate of the SCM blended concretes are higher than the PC concretes. Reducing the w/b and increasing the duration of initial moist curing reduced the carbonation rate in the concretes. The indoor exposed concretes have the highest carbonation rates and reducing the w/b ratio is more efficient and sustainable in lowering the carbonation rate rather than extending the duration of the initial moist curing.
  • Item
    C6H18N4 behaviour on reinforcing-steel corrosion in concrete immersed in 0.5 M H2SO4
    (Rasayan Journal of Chemistry, 2019) Olusegun Okeniyi, Joshua; Titilayo Akinlabi, Esther; Olumuyiwa Ikotun, Jacob; Toyin Okeniyi, Elizabeth
    This paper studies C6 H18 N4 (Triethylenetetramine; TETA) corrosion-resistance behavior on reinforcing-steel in concreteimmersed in 0.5 M H2 SO4. Analyses showed that the corrosion inhibition efficiency increases as theconcentration of C6 H18 N4 admixture increases, whereby the inhibition efficiency also portrayed excellent correlation model (at r = 98.82%, Nash Sutcliffe Efficiency (NSE) = 97.65%, Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) p-value = 0.0350) with function of the C6 H18 N4 concentration admixed in the concrete. The optimal resistance to reinforcing-steel corrosion, in the study, was exhibited in the concrete sample having 0.1824 M C6 H18 N4 admixture, from which inhibition efficiency η = 94.78% was attained. The results support the suitability of C6 H18 N4 for inhibiting reinforcing-steel corrosion in concrete for the industrial/microbial medium, simulated by the 0.5 M H2 SO4.
  • Item
    Experimental investigation on the effect of gold tailings as a partial replacement for sand in concrete
    (MDPI AG, 2024-09-01) Ikotun, Jacob O.; Adeyeye, Rhoda A.; Otieno, Mike
    This study explores the use of secondary gold tailings (SGTs) in concrete production to solve sand sustainability issues. This approach addresses waste issues and presents a sustainable material alternative to conventional sand, investigating different SGT proportions (ranging from 0% to 100%) to replace fine aggregate in structural concrete. This study examined the fresh, mechanical, and durability properties of concrete containing SGTs. Incorporating SGTs reduced the concrete’s workability, but up to a 75% replacement level resulted in a high fresh concrete density compared with the reference concrete. The results indicated that up to 25% replacement level increased the compressive strength and up to 50% replacement level improved the splitting tensile strength compared with reference concrete. However, all concretes containing SGTs exhibited satisfactory strengths. The statistical analysis confirmed the significant influence of SGTs on concrete strength. In addition, the durability results of the concrete demonstrated good resistance to oxygen, water, and chloride penetration, indicating good concrete quality. SGTs are recommended as a substitute for crusher sand to reduce production costs, conserve natural resources, and promote a sustainable and greener environment.
  • Item
    Functional materials for solar thermophotovoltaic devices in energy conversion applications : a review
    (AIP Publishing, 2023) Dada, M.; Olalere, F.; Popoola, P.
    In recent years, the demand for energy that caters for the socio-economic needs on Earth has led to the use of fossil fuels which currently satisfy over 80% of this demand, however, the drawback of this source of energy includes; lack of economical sustainability and environmental pollution. Consequently, renewable energy sources such as wind, biomass, hydro, geothermal, tidal and solar energy were introduced as alternative consumable fuels to mitigate detrimental climate changes caused by fossil fuels. Furthermore, the abundance of direct sunshine amongst these renewable sources has made solar energy one of the most preferred alternative sources of renewable energy. Solar energy can supply the Earth with the energy it needs because radiant solar energy moves at 186,000 miles per second hence, the energy produced comprising helium and hydrogen gas that touches the Earth in an hour is enough to supply the Earth for an entire year. However, only less than 1% of this energy is extracted and converted to generate electricity, attributed to the challenges of the solar cells. Notably, the conventional conversion of solar energy to electricity is through solar thermal systems and photovoltaics. Nonetheless, there are difficulties in converting the solar energy extracted from these systems to electricity. This literature reviews a comprehensive study of solar thermophotovoltaic devices and the high-tech material used in solar thermophotovoltaic systems as a solution to the conversion challenge by converting the solar energy to heat first, before converting the heat to electricity as opposed the conventional conversion techniques of the direct conversion to electricity.
  • Item
    Assessing the performance of green roofs for stormwater runoff mitigation in the South African urban environment
    (2021-12-31) Sucheran, Reshma; Sucheran, Arisha
    Rapid urbanization has altered the hydrologic cycle, causing increased runoff rates and peak flows in the drainage system. Cities are now facing serious problems relating to stormwater management such as water scarcity, degraded waterways, and increased flooding. Under such circumstances, green roofs present numerous benefits including the retention of rainwater for a longer time and a delay in the peak discharge. Using data from various storm events, this study examined the performance of retrofitted green roofs for stormwater management in the eThekwini region of South Africa. The study also used the Personal Computer Storm Water Management Model (PCSWMM) to investigate the effect that the best performing green roof would have on stormwater flow rates and volumes for the region. The results concluded that the green roof systems proved to significantly reduce stormwater runoff flow rates and volumes, and retention largely depended on the intensity and duration of the rain events. The PCSWMM model further confirmed that when compared to the base model, peak flow rates from the green roof model decreased by over 40% for all storm intensities. It can therefore be concluded that the implementation of green roofs within the eThekwini Central Business District (CBD) will be highly effective in reducing peak stormwater flow rates.
  • Item
    Navigating affordability challenges and opportunities in mixed-income housing : a case study of Cornubia in South Africa
    (Informa UK Limited, 2025-02) Olaniran, Temitope Olufolahan; Musvoto, Godfrey Gombana
    This article offers a comprehensive exploration of the complex dynamics within the Cornubia mixed-income housing development. Positioned as a microcosm of challenges in creating sustainable living environments for affordable housing, the paper navigates through theoretical discussions to propose actionable strategies. The study employs a rigorous qualitative methodology rooted in a relativist perspective, utilizing semi-structured interviews, context-sensitive approaches, and local collaboration to delve into participants’ affordability challenges and the constraints/limitations of living in the Cornubia mixed-income housing. The findings, driven by the experiences of 254 low-income residents, illuminate two key themes on affordability: high living costs and affordable living in Cornubia. Findings highlight three factors that exacerbate high costs of living: Electricity, Water, and Transport. These multifaceted challenges underscore the urgent need for targeted interventions. In the context of sustainable development, the study identifies key areas for lasting impact, aligning with environmental sustainability and social equity goals.
  • Item
    Investigation of oil drill cuttings as partial replacement of cements in concrete for low strength structures
    (2018-01-01) Ikotun, Jacob Olumuyiwa; Okeniyi, Joshua Olusegun; Akinlabi, Esther Titilayo; Akinlabi, Stephen Akinwale; Okeniyi, Elizabeth Toyin; Olanrewaju, Deborah Olukemi; Udoye, Nduka Ekene; Dirisu, Joseph Osekhogene
    This study investigates the use of oil drill cuttings (ODC) as partial replacement of Portland cement (PC) and cementitious materials in binary and ternary cement compositions. Concrete specimens were prepared incorporating 0, 5, 10 and 20% by mass of ODC replacements in Portland cement (PC) and 10% of the ODC replacement in specimens having ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) and pulverised fly ash (PFA) respectively. The fresh and hardened state properties of the concretes were studied. Results showed that use of ODC contributed improvements to the fresh concrete properties, while it also exhibited good comparisons of hardened concrete properties with the non-ODC containing concretes. Findings in the study support the use of ODC-containing concrete mixes for low strength structures such as foundation blinding and infilling materials, in structural fills applications requiring no future excavations. These combined the advantages of cost reduction in concrete production with utilization of the waste ODC materials, which is a considerable solution approach to the environmental problems being encountered in ODC wastes disposal.
  • Item
    Powering tomorrow : exploring evolving trends in Demand Side Management (DSM)
    (Haerbin Gongcheng Daxue/Harbin Engineering University, 2024-07-07) Nleya, bakhe; Chidzonga, Richard
    Many nations actively engage in renewable energy initiatives to mitigate environmental challenges stemming from the extensive reliance on hydrocarbons for electrical energy generation. Concurrently, thereare efforts to reduce greenhouse gases such as carbon (COx), methane(CHx), and nitrous (N2O) oxides atmosphericconcentrations.However, traditional electrical grid infrastructures, often operating at or near full capacity, present socio-economic constraints in efforts that may be expanded to increase transmission capacities to cater to ever-growing demand. The growth of renewable energy like wind and solar power has led to a significant increase in electricity generation at the distribution level, necessitating the evolution of electricity gridsinto bi-directional networks known as virtual power plants or Smart Grids capable of transmitting both energy and information for efficient energy management. As the energy landscape shifts towards decentralized generation and incorporates diverse energy market participants such as independent power producers and prosumers operating within local Smart Grids, the concept of Demand Side Management (DSM) emerges as a compelling strategy to effectively manage finite energy resources amidst escalating electricity demands, particularly within domestic settings. This article explorespotential initiatives to enhance energy consumption efficiency within the context of the South African Energy landscape, which has grappled with well-documented and pervasive load-shedding incidents summarize possible measures for the successful implementation of DSM ,which span behavioral change, technological integration, data privacy, market structures, infrastructure limitations, socioeconomic disparities, regulatory barriers, and coordination among stakeholders. Overcoming hurdles will require holistic approaches of integrating technology, policy reform, consumer engagement, and stakeholder collaboration to maximize DSM's potential