The mediating role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in enhancing land reform policies in South Africa

Abstract

This study explores the mediating role of Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) in addressing challenges within South Africa’s land reform policies, focusing on restitution, redistribution, and tenure reform. Despite the potential of land reform to rectify historical injustices and boost rural development, implementation has been hindered by ineffective policies, corruption, bureaucratic delays, and limited support for small-scale farmers. The study argues that private sector involvement, particularly through CSR (or Corporate Social Investment, CSI), can enhance land reform outcomes by supplementing government efforts. In 2024, South African companies allocated R12.7 billion to CSI, with 21% directed toward small-scale farming—a significant increase from 8% in 2023. Using qualitative methods, including semi-structured interviews with 15 stakeholders (Agri-sector representatives, government officials, and small-scale farmers), the study applies Social Justice and Stakeholder Theory to analyse CSR’s impact. Findings reveal that CSR initiatives provide critical support, including funding, technical assistance, market access, and infrastructure, yet challenges persist, such as market barriers, land access, and climate vulnerabilities. Recommendations emphasise Public-Private Partnerships (PPPs) to establish blended financing mechanisms, integrate CSR into land reform policies for post-settlement support, and implement presettlement assessments to evaluate beneficiaries’ agricultural competencies. The study concludes that CSR can significantly contribute to land reform success by fostering sustainable livelihoods, rural development, and economic growth when strategically aligned with policy frameworks.