Nanotechnology revolution in diagnosing and treating urinary tract infections

Abstract

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections worldwide, affecting mil lions annually and imposing significant healthcare costs. Rising antibiotic resistance among uropathogens coupled with the limitations of culture-based diagnos tics and systemic therapies demands innovative ap proaches. Nanotechnology offers transformative po tential, enabling rapid, point of care (POC) detection and targeted antimicrobial interventions that promise to outperform evolving resistance mechanisms.