Socio-economic effects of mining resettlements in Ghana : case study of the western region

Abstract

This study aimed to determine the socioeconomic effects of mining resettlements in Ghana: a case study of the western region. The study drew its motivation from the fact that vulnerable people typically settle near mineral locations. Despite the enormous benefits that we derive from location to the final extraction of these minerals from the earth's crust, it has repercussions on the people displaced to enable the resource they are sitting on to be tapped for the benefit of humanity. The effects of the displacement of people to enable mining activities to progress could be either positive or negative, depending on how the entire process is managed. To achieve the main purpose or aim of the study, a qualitative research method was used to collect primary data. The sample size comprised 54 participants, who were chosen using quota sampling and purposive sampling. Data was collected using an interview guide and focus group discussions and qualitative data analysis was used to reflect on the study findings. Qualitative data were analysed using NVivo software through thematic analysis. The findings of the study showed a negative impact on people’s income, with the exception of a few people who managed to secure employment as well as those who were able to invest their compensation money effectively. The findings on the employment status of the people revealed employment discrimination, unemployment, and loss of career, which have resulted in the stagnation of livelihoods. On the general livelihood of people, the findings showed that the community members were satisfied with their way of life and that their personal properties supported them. However, things changed drastically after the resettlement, as the findings showed inadequate compensation, loss of occupational activities, high cost of living, deplorable shelter, and bad health status. The findings also showed that the main morbidity issues confronting the three resettled mining communities (Nkroful, Teleku-Bokazo and Salman) were malaria, coughing, headaches and diarrhoea. The findings showed the following mitigation measures that were put in place: varieties of restricted farming, capacity empowerment programmes, provision of block housing, building of schools, and construction of clinics, all geared towards improving the livelihood of the people in the affected communities. The study also made some recommendations including; following resettlement policies, allowing participation of the people in negotiations, providing adequate and sustainable compensation, standardizing evaluation methods, reduction of bureaucratic processes, adherence of eco-friendly practices and consciously providing employment opportunities.