Spatial planning for electronic communication infrastructure in South African municipalities : a case of the eThekwini Municipality, KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Abstract

The Fourth Industrial Revolution (4th IR) is marked by the convergence of digital, biological, and physical technologies supported by Information and Communication Technology (ICT). As societies increasingly rely on digital connectivity for economic growth, social interaction, and technological advancement, robust spatial planning frameworks to accommodate this infrastructure become paramount. Spatial planning for electronic communication infrastructure, a component of ICT in the 4th IR, is essential to shape a connected, resilient, and inclusive digital future. Despite the South African regulatory framework’s recognition of ICT’s potential to address socio-economic issues, electronic communication infrastructure delivery falls short due to financial constraints, governance failures, and policy misalignment between the tiers of government. This study focused on the eThekwini Municipality, South Africa's third-largest city, to evaluate spatial planning and statutory processes’ responsiveness and effectiveness in facilitating electronic communication infrastructure development. More specifically, it examined the alignment of the municipality’s spatial plans, policies, and legislation with the national regulatory framework and its goals for ICT development. The study assessed the purpose and influence of statutory planning applications for infrastructure development and drew lessons from international and local precedents to enhance statutory procedures. By addressing these issues, it aimed to identify regulatory and procedural shortfalls and provide recommendations to improve electronic communication infrastructure development in the municipality. These include enhancing alignment with regulatory frameworks originating from national government and adaptive and flexible planning approaches to inform municipal planning and development for ICT and electronic communication infrastructure.