Examining the contribution of public spaces to the implementation of inclusive urban strategies : a case study of eThekwini Municipality

Abstract

This thesis explores the multifaceted role of public spaces in urban environments, demonstrating that they are not merely physical locations but dynamic social areas where power relations, cultural practices, and everyday experiences converge. Drawing on the theoretical frameworks of David Harvey’s ‘‘Spatial Matrix’’ and Henri Lefebvre’s ‘Spatial Triad’, this research emphasises that public spaces are socially produced entities that can both reflect and challenge broader social, economic, and environmental inequalities. Central to this study is the concept of inclusivity, which highlights the potential that welldesigned public spaces can generate for urban communities. Through a city-wide public space strategy rooted in inclusivity and the right to the city, urban planners have a critical role to play in addressing these inequalities and fostering public spaces that are accessible, equitable, and vibrant. This thesis argues that strategic, data-driven planning and continuous community engagement are essential to maximising the dividends that public spaces can provide. Drawing upon research findings obtained through a mixed-methods approach, this study proposes a conceptual model for optimizing the benefits of a Public Space Dividend. The model highlights both the immediate advantages for individuals and communities and the long-term contributions to broader urban development objectives, including social cohesion, economic resilience, environmental sustainability, and enhanced civic engagement. Future research should continue to explore innovative approaches to public space design that prioritise underrepresented groups and create environments where everyone feels welcome and valued. The findings of this research underscore that the future of urban living hinges on creating inclusive, resilient public spaces that reflect the diverse populations they serve.