A study on the management of hyperpigmentation in skin types IV to VI AT aesthetics clinics in eThekwini, KwaZulu-Natal

Abstract

Hyperpigmentation is a skin disorder caused by the increase of melanin production in the skin, caused by different internal (e.g. hormones) and external (e.g. UV exposure) stimuli. Different types of hyperpigmentation, namely melasma, post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation and solar lentigines, may be found amongst individuals. Persons with darker skin tones (greater melanin production) are more susceptible to hyperpigmentation due to their melanocytes being slightly larger and easily triggered by internal and external stimuli, compared to individuals with the skin type I-III. In relation to the treatment of hyperpigmentation in skin of colour, extra precautions should be taken due to the skin being easily irritated, resulting in the increase of pigmentation as a mechanism of the skin protecting itself from further damage. Therefore, professional treatments would include micro-needling and gentle chemical peels, which have been explored in this study during treatment, in addition to tyrosinase inhibitors which were used during treatments, as well as a home supportive treatment regime. With the use of an appropriate treatment plan and home-care regime, the individual noticed improvement in their skin with reduced pigmentation, an evened-out skin tone and reduced fine lines and wrinkles as an additional benefit. The tool used for data analysis was a semi-structured questionnaire and open-ended statements. Questions were developed by the researcher in line with the objectives employed to gather qualitative data. The questions were based on the hyperpigmentation typologies, current skin treatment, as well as homecare. These were distributed to the participants to complete during Phase (1), and Phase (2) entailed the researcher conducting the qualitative component. The study was conducted within eThekwini, in KwaZulu-Natal. The study constituted 30 participants who were undergoing hyperpigmentation management programs, who consented to participate in the study. Census sampling was implemented as every participant’s responses were utilised during data collection and analysis. The study explored the different hyperpigmentation treatment approaches that were offered to individuals with Fitzpatrick Skin Types IV to VI. The treatment approaches proved to be a success as participants were satisfied with their results. The participants did point out that it is a gradual process that needs patience from the professional as well as from the individual that is on the journey.