The management of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder by homeopathic practitioners in South Africa

Abstract

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental condition defined primarily by developmentally unsuitable and enduring symptoms of inattention and/or hyperactivity that initiate in childhood, persist through numerous settings and lead to substantial impairment in academic, social, occupational or other functional aspects. ADHD is diagnosed in predominantly, predominantly hyperactive/impulsive or combined presentations and it is heterogeneous. Although conventional pharmacological treatments remain widely used, increasing interest has emerged in complementary and alternative approaches such as homeopathy. This study explored how homeopathic practitioners in South Africa understand and manage ADHD, with the aim of providing insight into their conceptual frameworks, consultation processes, treatment strategies and long-term management perspectives. A qualitative, exploratory approach was utillized and semi-structured interviews were conducted with practicing homeopaths across different settings. Data was analysed thematically. The findings revealed that practitioners conceptualise ADHD largely in alignment with orthodox biomedical definitions, recognising core symptoms such as inattention, hyperactivity and impulsivity, while integrating holistic interpretations that consider emotional, behavioural and contextual influences. Consultation approaches were found to be highly individualised and comprehensive, with practitioners employing detailed case-taking methods that incorporate family dynamics, environmental factors, and lifestyle patterns. Treatment strategies reflected a multimodal approach combining constitutional remedy selection; adjunctive therapies such as dietary and behavioural guidance; and adaptive potency and dosage decisions tailored to the child’s evolving presentation. Long-term management emphasised sustained lifestyle modification, parental support, and the creation of stable routines to promote lasting behavioural and emotional improvement. Overall, the study demonstrates that homeopathic practitioners adopt a holistic, integrative, and child-centred approach to ADHD management, complementing orthodox diagnostic perspectives while addressing broader determinants of behaviour and wellbeing. These findings highlight the potential contribution of homeopathy within multidisciplinary ADHD care, especially in contexts where families seek personalised and non-pharmacological support options.