The effect of Magnesium Chloride liquid on post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation

Abstract

Introduction: Post-Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH) in higher Fitzpatrick skin phototypes is a challenging condition to treat, and existing treatment modalities may exacerbate PIH post treatment. Post Inflammatory Hyperpigmentation (PIH) is reported to have a negative impact on the quality of life of those affected. Topical treatments are available to improve the appearance of PIH, but may not be suitable for use in a Somatology clinic as they are classed as scheduled drugs and require a prescription. The need to treat PIH in populations with higher phototypes remains unmet. Studies have shown that Magnesium Chloride is effective in treating inflammatory conditions, however there is paucity of data validating the effects of MgCl2 liquid on PIH. Aim: The aim of this research was to investigate the effects of MgCl2 liquid on PIH in higher Fitzpatrick skin phototypes. Objectives: The objectives of the study were: ● To determine the clinical effect of topical magnesium chloride liquid on PIH in higher phototypes. ● To evaluate the tolerability of massaged magnesium chloride on higher phototypes ● To explore the impact of post-inflammatory hyperpigmentation on quality of life. Methodology: The research followed a quantitative, experimental research design. The study was conducted in Cape Town, Western Cape, at SCIN Medispa in Wembley Square. The study included twenty (n= 10) participants who had completed participant questionnaires and Quality-of-Life questionnaires. The participant’s skin was cleansed with a micellar water and the MgCl2 liquid was applied onto the cheeks in weekly intervals for three months. The participants underwent six skin analysis sessions. Session one was the baseline measurements and follow up measurements were conducted on a monthly basis for six months. The skin analysis was done using a Visia® Skin Complexion Analyser. Descriptive data was collected using Pain Intensity Scales, Pigmentation Severity Scales and Erythema Grading Scales. Results: The results of the study yielded a statistically significant difference in the Quality of Life before versus after (t (9) = 2.400, p = 0.040). The mean difference of 4.300 (95% CI [0.253, 8.347]) indicates a substantial increase in the Quality of Life post-intervention. A substantial reduction in the erythema scores was observed (t (9) = 4.810, p < 0.001). The mean difference of 1.200 (95% CI [0.636, 1.764]) signifies a substantial reduction in erythema post-intervention. Oedema scores did not reveal a statistically significant difference (t (9) = 1.410, p = 0.193). The mean difference of 0.300 (95% CI [-0.183, 0.783]) suggests a minimal change in Oedema post-intervention. Overall disease severity scores did not yield a statistically significant difference (t (9) = 1.460, p = 0.177). The mean difference of 0.500 (95% CI [-0.273, 1.273]) indicates a modest change in Overall Disease Severity post-intervention. Pigmentary intensity scores did not reveal a statistically significant difference (t (9) = 1.410, p = 0.193). The mean difference of 0.300 (95% CI [0.183, 0.783]) suggests a marginal change in pigmentary intensity post-intervention. No discernible change was noted in scores denoting the area of hyperpigmentation (t (9) = 0.000, p = 1.000). The mean difference of 0.000 (95% CI [-0.337, 0.337]) suggests no discernible change in the Area of Hyperpigmented Lesions post-intervention. Contrastingly, the pain intensity scoring revealed a statistically significant improvement (t (9) = 3.000, p = 0.015). The mean difference of 1.000 (95% CI [0.246, 1.754]) denotes a considerably positive impact on tolerability post-intervention. Conclusion: Magnesium Chloride liquid used in the treatment of PIH in higher phototypes displays tolerability with frequent usage and an increase in the quality of life however, minimal effect on the reduction of PIH. This study contributes valuable insights into the effects of MgCl2 liquid on PIH in higher skin phototypes. While improvements in quality of life, pain intensity, and erythema were notable, the study underscores the necessity for further research to optimize treatment outcomes, address patient satisfaction, and increase overall understanding of dermatological interventions for higher skin phototypes. The findings create avenues for future research, aiming to bridge the existing gaps in knowledge and provide safer and more effective treatments for individuals with PIH in higher skin phototypes.