An investigation into musculoskeletal pain associated with primary dysmenorrhea in students at a University of Technology : a descriptive study

Abstract

Primary dysmenorrhea (PD) is the most frequent gynaecological complaint affecting women across different backgrounds. Growing evidence has demonstrated a strong link between PD and comorbid musculoskeletal pain (MSK), carrying significant impact for the lives of sufferers. Despite this, few studies have isolated and investigated this association, particularly in a South African context. Aim: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence, risk factors, management, and impact that MSK pain associated with PD has on female university students. Methodology: A quantitative, descriptive cross-sectional survey was conducted at a university of technology in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. Data were obtained through voluntary self-administered surveys from 324 participants. The surveys consisted of six parts: demographic characteristics, menstrual history, MSK pain characteristics, risk factors, management approaches and impact. Data were analysed using IBM SPSS version 27. Results: A total of 300 participants were included. A high prevalence of MSK pain was noted. Clinical characteristics showed that the pain was moderate and distributed across anatomical regions, with low back pain being most affected. There was a high prevalence of headaches and myofascial pain. The mode of transportation, as well as heaviness of menstrual flow were significant risk factors. Various management approaches, including home remedies, allopathic and complementary healthcare, were utilised by participants. Overall impact was high across personal, social, and academic domains. Conclusion: This study showed a strong correlation between PD and comorbid MSK pain among female university students, with various management approaches for participants. Pain appeared to carry significant impact across all aspects of life.