The nature and extent of sustainable water management practices in the accommodation sector in Zimbabwe

Abstract

International tourism has grown to become one of the largest economic sectors in the world. The growth of tourism is not merely taking place in the so-called developed economies, but also in developing economies. In Africa, the growth of tourism has led to the proliferation of many forms of accommodation and lodging facilities. With a significant number of African nations facing fresh-water problems, water stress has now become a challenge in most destinations. The accommodation sector of the tourism industry has been identified as one of the biggest consumers of water through its various activities and facilities. Tourism, a major fiscus contributor is crucial to the economy of Zimbabwe hence its sustainability is vital especially during this time when world is grappling climate change. The last two or more decades have witnessed the majority of Zimbabwean citizens facing fresh water supply problems, especially in cities and towns which are hotspots for tourism. This study examined the nature and extent of water management practices in the accommodation sector in Zimbabwe. The study examined the level of water use in the accommodation sector in Zimbabwe, and the extent to which water conservation practices are currently being undertaken by this sector. The study further examined challenges facing water conservation in the accommodation sector in Zimbabwe. A ‘mixed method’ research approach was used in this study. Questionnaires were administered to managers of 203 accommodation facilities in the country. Expert views were sort from key stakeholders whose organisations, regulations and policies affect the tourism industry. The study found that accommodation establishments in Zimbabwe have been reactive to climate change induced water stress and have been applying several water-conservation measures. The study also found that there is non-enforcement of regulations on government policies and lack of proper awareness as to the monetary benefits of practicing water conservation in the accommodation sector in Zimbabwe. The study concludes that without proper planning, communication, and enforcement of regulations large amounts of fresh water will continue to be wasted to the deprivation of communities.